During the fracturing operation, some proppant with micron-sized markers with quantum dots follow the mass of a conventional proppant. After the introduction proppant into the formation, the coating gradually releases markers to formation fluid and further carried out into surface. The marker-reporters can be captured either in oil or water phase of formation fluid. Each phase of formation fluid has its own indicators. Samples of formation fluid are taken from the wellhead and studied in the laboratory using a flow cytometer and interpreted by GEOSPLIT software. The data is visualized in the form of inflow charts per each fracturing stage.

China